domingo, 28 de septiembre de 2014

Cananea Mine discharging wastes into San Pedro and Rio Sonora Basins

Cananea Mine discharging wastes into San Pedro and Rio Sonora Basins
Dick Kamp, Wick Communications Environmental Liaison  22 Sept 2014 


In 1979 the San Pedro River seen in Palominas ran red for a hundred miles with rain floodwater and Cananea tailings wastes.
photo Marty Cordano


An undetermined amount of what looks like sulfuric acid leaching solution from the Grupo Mexico Buenavista Cananea, Sonora mine has entered the north-flowing San Pedro River on the Sonoran side of the  border.  The overflow of mine wastes resulted from heavy rains September 17-18 said a company representative. 
A bulletin from Proteccion Civil Sonora (civil protection agency) indicated that an overflight following the rains provided evidence that other discharges from two mine waste retention dams appeared to also be entering the southeast flowing Rio Bacanuchi, a tributary to the south flowing Rio Sonora.                                              
This spill follows an August 7 discharge of 15 million metric gallons of sulfuric acid from a solvent extraction plant at the mine spilled into the Rio Bacanuchi and the Rio Sonora and resulted in an estimated 32,000 residents drinking bottled water over a stretch of more than 100 miles.
The newest spill resulted in a “preventative binational alert” issued by the agency Proteccion Civil (Civil Protection).to the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) Nogales, Arizona office.  The Hermosillo Proteccion Civil office said Monday that they had also immediately alerted the environmental agency SEMARNAT and the National Water Commission (CONAGUA) who conducted surface water testing in the San Pedro.  
The Proteccion Civil bulletin did not state that the contamination is known to be entering Arizona. Ivan Valerio Cortes, Chief of the Cananea municipal Proteccion Civil office, said Monday that he has seen no test results but that the appearance of the contaminatedwater seems to be a mix of reddish acid, mud, and rain water. 
Valerio added that he could not accurately describe the source of contamination, which had been viewed by the Sonora state head of the agency, Carlos Jesus Arias.  However Valerio said that it appeared to be a leaching solution of “cobreza” or copper sulfate that has been utilized to leach metals.  
“The solution had been diverted to an arroyo and overflowed into a tributary of the San Pedro and appears to be impacting the Cananea Vieja ejido(collective land) area north of the mine.   Proteccion Civil is advising ranchers in that area to not allow cattle to drink from the river”
There are several other ejidos between the mine and the Arizona border, but Valerio said he did not know if they were impacted by mine discharges.
Victor Del Castillo, Director of Ecology for Grupo Mexico said Monday that “what is entering the river is 100% rainwater in quality and that CONAGUA and PROFEPA (the enforcement arm of SEMARNAT) have declared that the pH (acidity) is within Mexican norms.”
Del Castillo added that the mine had used lime and magnesium hydroxide to neutralize pH in the waters as a “preventative measure” but that “there is no problem with mining contamination impacting the San Pedro as we have often told the Arizona-Mexico Commission. There are levels of iron present in these discharges that are within the norms for surface water.  Proteccion Civil has a policy of exercising caution; they do not know whether waters are contaminated.”
On Monday, Arias told several Sonoran publications, including Sinembargo, an online newspaper, that in an overflight over the mine this past weekend he had viewed ruptures in two dams that were leaking oranges fluid—Campo Frio and La Mexicana.   According to the newspapers, Arias stressed that he had no idea what the orange chemicals that he saw were but that the earthen “curtain” that was retaining wastes from leaving the waste dams appeared to be leaking above the Rio Bacanuchi and that other wastes were entering the San Pedro basin.  Arias told the papers that he saw other discharges that appeared to be infiltrating into the ground.
Del Castillo and Valerio both indicated that, without giving a figure for the latest spill, it was far smaller than the August 7 spill of acid and is being diluted by copious amounts of rainwater.
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality spokesman Mark Shaffer said Monday evening that ADEQ has no additional information from Federal authorities in either country but that they would be monitoring for acidity and metals near their sampling station by Palominas on Tuesday.   Shaffer said that pH/acidity results could be immediately reported and that the Arizona state lab should have metals levels reported within a week. 
Shaffer suggested that the river is flowing at around 600 feet per second near the border and that contaminants may have been diluted.  “At this time we are not issuing any health alert pending the test results,” added Shaffer.
Acidic spills from the Cananea mine between 1977 and 1979 resulted in devastating impacts on the San Pedro River.   Pollution levels declined dramatically as, under U.S. diplomatic pressure, the mine began to divert newer wastes to the Rio Sonora basin which suffered numerous spills in the 1980s that appeared to have diminished greatly prior to the August 7 acid spill. 
Photographs taken by the Sierra Vista Herald on Monday afternoon did not show obvious discolorations in the river as it entered Cochise County.
One Sonoran resident on Monday, who asked not be identified, described contamination entering the San Pedro River as “a potential opportunity.   Maybe people in Arizona will notice that the mine pollutes and understand better how our lives have been impacted by contamination in the Rio Sonora.”


viernes, 12 de septiembre de 2014

La detención de Mario Luna


José Luis Moreno

Como si no tuviera problemas que enfrentar, la mañana del 11 de septiembre de 2014, el gobierno de Guillermo Padrés decidió detener a Mario Luna, líder indígena yaqui. En el contexto de la contaminación del río Sonora y la contingencia en siete municipios, el reportaje televisivo que dio cuenta de las obras hidráulicas que construyó en su rancho “Pozo Nuevo”, y el expediente legal abierto en casos como el del acueducto Independencia, el Ramal Norte y la presa Pilares, el procurador estatal envió al reclusorio de Hermosillo, a uno de los personajes que simbolizan la lucha en contra de la ilegalidad y la impunidad que significan tales obras.  

El escenario político favorable que tuvo el gobernador de Sonora durante cinco años, tres con un presidente de la república del PAN y dos en una coyuntura de acuerdos con el PRI para la aprobación de las reformas estructurales, ha cambiado. Es un gobernante acorralado que quiere convertir la tragedia del río Sonora (como lo fue el caso de la guardería ABC) en una más de sus estrategias para lucrar y beneficiarse.

Ausente durante los primeros días en la zona del derrame de contaminantes, apareció después con una pala en las manos cavando el suelo para “limpiar el río”, detrás de una intensa campaña publicitaria para “salvarlo”, y un bravucón enfrentamiento con el Grupo México. Quiso que le aprobaran el uso de recursos del Fondo de Desastres Naturales (FONDEN), pero el gobierno federal lo rechazó. Luego utilizó recursos públicos del estado para ayudar en tareas de apoyo, señalando que se los cobraría después a la empresa. Posteriormente brindó asesoría legal a demandas de pobladores en contra del grupo minero para el resarcimiento de los daños. La estrategia la desarticuló el gobierno federal el 11 de septiembre, con el anuncio de la aprobación de un fideicomiso para reparar los daños ocasionados, en acuerdo con el Grupo México, por 2 mil millones de pesos.

Televisa lo desnuda con varios reportajes en su programa nocturno Punto de Partida. La prensa nacional da cabida a notas, reportajes y editoriales sobre su actuar y el de sus colaboradores. La agenda del gobernador es desviar la atención y posicionar la contaminación del río como el mayor desastre ecológico de México, para recuperar credibilidad, apoyo popular, manejar dinero, y captar votos. Pero no lo logra. Para colmo, tampoco logra ayudar de manera efectiva a la población afectada.

El ofensivo reportaje sobre su presa de 120 metros de longitud y 80 metros de altura, almacenamiento de 4 Mm3 de agua, acueducto de 7 km, concesiones de agua por 3 Mm3 de agua al año y dos reservorios, para el riego de 300 ha de nogal, derrumban su discurso sexenal de El agua es de todos. Pocas desgracias como la de la comunidad de Bacanuchi: cerca de un gran complejo minero que la contamina y aguas abajo de un propietario particular (que es a la vez gobernador del estado) que les obstaculiza el acceso al agua. El PAN publica un desplegado con fotografías de los represos de sus adversarios, pero no hay comparación con una presa.

Guillermo Padrés fanfarronea su exigencia y obtención de audiencia con el secretario de  Gobernación para atender el asunto del río Sonora. Previamente, en un hecho inédito expulsa a tres delegados federales (PROFEPA, CONAGUA y SEMARNAT) del Comité Estatal de Operación de Emergencias, en plena contingencia. En la desesperación, juega una de sus últimas cartas: detener a un líder yaqui, para desviar la atención, cobrar venganza, repartir culpabilidades, e intimidar a sus opositores. Lamentablemente para él y para fortuna de Mario Luna, Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong cancela la audiencia. Éste le pide “respeto y actitud constructiva”. Un día antes, el vocero presidencial le pide “se conduzca en el marco de la ley”.


En los siguientes días seguramente veremos el desenlace de este nuevo capítulo de la disputa por el agua y el poder en Sonora.